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Thoughts on Affirmative Action

Our society is defined by bipolar standards. As there is model minority, problem minority must exist. Affirmative action is meant to help the previously disadvantaged group gain access to education and employment. Harvard pledged to defend the university’s affirmative action policy, which might be viewed as a small victory for supporters of affirmative action. However, it is undeniable that affirmative action to some degree reinforces the stereotypes and creates reverse effects on different groups involved in this issue. The affirmative action puts the black and latino as comparatively inferior. It is a pervasive stereotype that minority students must face from matriculation to graduation, a stigma with undoubted adverse psychological and economic consequence that follows them beyond their education. They are labelled as minority, the disadvantaged, and the inferior. When the initiative of diminishing class, racial and gender differences has turned out to be emphasizing these differences, we need to reconsider the effectiveness of this policy. Moreover, the affirmative action itself spurs up stereotype threat. Social psychologist Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson have once undertaken an experiment which found that black students at Stanford University under the stereotype under the stereotype threat had scores 13 percent lower than black students in no threat condition. When people are trying to get rid of the stereotype, they put too much pressure on themselves, which makes it highly possible for them to underperform. Also, when they are aware of their relative advantages in college admission, they are more likely to internalize themselves with the stereotype of being the disadvantaged instead of working hard. This controversy poses a question that how do we balance between the fairness and inclusion? This question also reminds me of intersectionality and inclusion. On women’s marches, people addressed women’s issues in general rather than black women’s issues. Does it mean that when we are including every group into a community, there will inevitably be an overlooked perspective?